Zha Reflection week 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Zha Reflection week 7 - Assignment Example e and the interest, the title, ‘a hidden genetic code,’ reminds me of the potential that gene arrangements have in understanding and managing disorders. This has motivated an interest and I am able to understand the concept that studying genetic arrangements can help in understanding relationships between diseases and genetic arrangements for better management strategies such as inducing genetic patterns that are more tolerant to disease strains or that can constrain effects of diseases on protein balance in the body. Perceiving possible solution to genetic complication motivated me to understand every aspect of the text (Reuell 1). My experience with academic knowledge on genetics has also shaped my understanding from the article on Exon skipping. Images of genetic strands composes a greater percentage of the article and even though I had never encountered the dystrophin gene strand, my background knowledge of DNA patterns has ensured my understanding of the strands, causes of Becker muscular dystrophy, and genetic approach to minimizing effects of the disorder (The New York Times 1). My experience and interest in genetics has also helped me to understand Daniel’s motivation to develop his DNA art. In addition, I have understood possible relationship between people’s preferences for DNA patterns and the people’s personality traits and preferences. These can be investigated and be applied in human behavior management (The Telegraph 1). The Telegraph. â€Å"DNA artwork created by German university student.† The Telegraph. September 7, 2008. Web. March 10, 2015.

Demographics of Online Shoppers

Demographics of Online Shoppers Abstract This dissertation aims at developing profiles of Greek consumers who have already conducted purchases through the Internet and of the consumers who are willing to adopt the Internet shopping as an innovation. Measurement of the demographic and behavioural data, investigation of the trends and attitudes of the online consumers toward online apparel shopping. The research will provide insightful preliminary data based on the detailed profiles of Internet shoppers (innovators) and interested-to-adopt Internet shopping (early adopters). The empirical findings will provide valuable managerial implications while setting the foundation for future research in this topic. Introduction The Importance of the Research Internet gained the trust of more than 1,5 billion users around the globe (world Stats, 2009) and became the most important tool of almost every international business (Mc donald and Tobin, 1998; Rha et al., 2002; Urban, 2003). The majority of the web users is taking advantage of the globalization and the online prices.In some countries the percentage of the online shoppers is reaching the 95% according to the Nielsen Online Report (2008). The same report indicates that the users which prefer the internet for frequent purchases is 39% and about 84% of the users concluded the purchase of a product once every month through the Internet the last two years of the study. The total sales in Europe are expected to be more than 407 billion dollars by the end of the 2011. According to the same report UK, France and Germany hold more than 70 percent of the total European sales followed by Italy and Spain. The structures of the web sites profess differences because of the culture but also common characteristics (Okazaki et al., 2006). In the next few years because of the globalization of the media there is evidence of a new global culture, the digital culture (Deuze, 2006) Hofman and Novak (1996) described the online apparel shopping as a new kind of consumer behavior according to computer mediated shopping environment. The researchers seek to develop the past theories of customers behavior while retailers seek to establish successful strategies by knowing better their customers (Goldsmith and Mcgregor, 1999). Paisley According Paisley to Paisley Lohse Paisley and Paisley Spiller Paisley (1998, Paisley p.81) Paisley there Paisley are Paisley large Paisley differences Paisley between Paisley a Paisley physical Paisley store Paisley and Paisley its Paisley electronic Paisley counterpart Paisley and Paisley the Paisley online Paisley shopping Paisley by Paisley nature Paisley is Paisley an Paisley innovating Paisley experience Paisley (Wang Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 1998). PaisPaisley Donthu Paisley and Paisley Garcia Paisley (1999) Paisley conducted Paisley a Paisley relevant Paisley survey Paisley and Paisley the Paisley findings Paisley clearly Paisley showed Paisley that Paisley the Paisley Internet Paisley shoppers Paisley are Paisley moremmm more Paisley innovative Paisley in Paisley contrast Paisley to Paisley Internet Paisley non-shoppers. The Paisley key Paisley task Paisley is Paisley to Paisley discover Paisley the Paisley actual Paisley and Paisley potential Paisley customer Paisley through Paisley the Paisley fundamental Paisley change Paisley of Paisley the Paisley online Paisley purchases Paisley (Turban Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 1999). Paisley Thus, Paisley Paisley this Paisley research Paisley will try Paisley to Paisley emphasize Paisley into Paisley different Paisley modes Paisley of Paisley consumers (Internet shoppers and interested-to adopt Internet shopping) Paisley and Paisley not Paisley just Paisley through Paisley a Paisley simplistic Paisley analysis. Moreover, the research will highlight the differences and similarities of these consumers groups and to the Internet online apparel shopping, and clearly will provide some of the most important success ingredients that every online retailer should take under consideration. Paisley ThetPaisley The Research Aims Objective This Paisley research Paisley aims Paisley to Paisley develop Paisley profiles Paisley of Paisley the Paisley Greek Paisley Internet Paisley online Paisley shoppers Paisley and Paisley of Paisley those Paisley who Paisley are Paisley going Paisley or Paisley interested Paisley to Paisley adopt Paisley the Paisley internet Paisley shopping Paisley as Paisley an Paisley innovation. Paisley A Paisley special Paisley focus Paisley in Paisley the Paisley process Paisley of Paisley decision Paisley and Paisley diffusion Paisley theories Paisley of Paisley innovation Paisley seems Paisley necessary Paisley through Paisley the Paisley measurement Paisley of Paisley the Paisley demographic Paisley and Paisley behavioral Paisley characteristics. Paisley Paisley The Paisley general Paisley objective Paisley has Paisley to Paisley focus Paisley in Paisley numerous Paisley specific Paisley aims: To Paisley examine Paisley the Paisley demographic Paisley and Paisley psychological Paisley characteristics Paisley of Paisley the Paisley Greek Paisley online Paisley shoppers Paisley To Paisley analyze Paisley the Paisley perceived Paisley risk Paisley next Paisley to Paisley any Paisley online Paisley transaction To Paisley present Paisley the Paisley previous Paisley online Paisley apparel Paisley shopping Paisley experiences Paisley To Paisley develop Paisley a Paisley detailed Paisley profile Paisley of Paisley existing Paisley and Paisley potential Paisley Greek Customers To Paisley analyze Paisley theories Paisley and Paisley concepts Paisley that Paisley can Paisley be Paisley applied Paisley by Paisley the Paisley online Paisley apparel Paisley industry To Paisley propose Paisley strategies Paisley and Paisley relevant Paisley effective Paisley managerial Paisley tools Literature Review The Importance of Apparel Online Shopping For years researchers examined the reasons that made shoppers to buy from home, focusing on the differences between traditional retailers and online retailers (Eastlick and Feinberg, 1999; Hawes, 1986). Authors developed a risk-taker profile of the online consumer (versus the in-store consumer) who is ready to perceive a higher risk (Donthu and Garcia, 1999; Schoenbachler and Gordon, 2002; Vijayasarathy and Jones, 2000). Researchers described PPaisley the online purchase of Paisley apparel Paisley products a decision with increased perceived risk Paisley (Bhatnagar Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 2000; Paisley PaisleHawes Paisley and Paisley Lumpkin, Paisley 1986). Paisley Internet Paisley shoppers are skeptical Paisley are scepticalPaisley to Paisley purchase or not Paisle PaisleyPaisley apparel Paisley products online Paisley Paisley because Paisley of Paisley the Paisley uncertainty Paisley next to the Paisley fit, Paisley fabric Paisley and Paisley color Paisley (Bhatnagar Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 2000). Paisley People Paisley with a Paisley higher Paisley income(Leung, Paisley 1998; Paisley Pepermans Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 1996; Paisley Summers, Paisley 1972), Paisley well Paisley educated(Leung, Paisley 1998; Paisley Pepermans Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 1996; Paisley Rogers, Paisley 1995), Paisley and Paisley with Paisley an Paisley occupational Paisley status Paisley above Paisley the Paisley average(Rogers, Paisley 1995), Paisley in Paisley general Paisley are Paisley innovators Paisley and Paisley will Paisley adopt Paisley first Paisley new Paisley products Paisley and Paisley services. Paisley Therefore, Paisley the Paisley innovators Paisley might Paisley adopt Paisley the Paisley internet Paisley as Paisley a Paisley tool Paisley for Paisley apparel Paisley shopping Paisley even Paisley though underliesPaisley underlies Paisley a Paisley higher Paisley risk. Gender Paisley is Paisley among Paisley the Paisley factors we need to emphasizePaisley whichww and previousPaisley Paisley research Paisley showed Paisley that Paisley women Paisley are Paisley more Paisley innovative Paisley than Paisley men Paisley (Goldsmith Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 1987). Paisley In Paisley a Paisley household Paisley the Paisley primary Paisley shoppers Paisley for Paisley apparel Paisley products Paisley are Paisley the female Paisley femalefffFFFFffffffffffer2wewsxxcdf]45421sPaisley (Dholakia Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 1995). Paisley Among Paisley young Paisley consumers Paisley (students) Paisley the Paisley differences Paisley are Paisley not Paisley that Paisley obvious Paisley but Paisley mainly Paisley focus Paisley on Paisley different Paisley shopping Paisley habits Paisley (Dholakia Paisley and Paisley Chiang, Paisley 2003). Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Consumer Characteristics Purchasers because of their different characteristics approaching the online apparel stores with many different ways and receiving different messages, which may affect their online purchases (Cheung et al., 2003). Therefore, we will have to emphasize to these characteristics because of their importance. Previous online purchase experiences, characteristics based on their personalities and the level of their innovative thinking when they go online to shop (Cheung et al., 2003) need to be discussed. Personalities The online shopping behaviors of the consumers are close attached to their personalities and may affect their choice of the online apparel stores and products (Wolfinbarger Gilly, 2001). Therefore, we need to focus in two main consumers personalities: The utilitarian and hedonic personalities. Utilitarian Consumers Utilitarian consumers buying online based on their goal oriented shopping behaviors. Shopping is made according to their goals and rational necessary needs (Kim shim, 2002). They are trying to deliberate their shopping habits through rationality and efficiency and they are not searching for any kind of entertainment through shopping (Wolfinbarger Gilly, 2001). Main aspect is to conclude their online shopping experience efficiently and in time without any kind of unnecessary irritation (Monsuwe, Dellaert Ruyter, 2004). Moreover, their instrumental characteristics guide their shopping experiences efficiently to a task oriented behavior (Sorce, Perotti Widrick, 2005) They are in search for sites offering variety of products, convenience, ease of access and multiple information among others (Wolfinbarger Gilly, 2001). Hedonic Consumers Hedonic consumers defined according to experiential buying behavior. Their concern is not to gather as many information they are able to but at first to seek happiness sensory stimulation and some sort of enjoyable experiences (Monsuwe, Dellaert Ruyter, 2004). The hedonic consumers are trying to immerse into the experience in a greater way than achieving their goals by shopping online (Wolfinbarger Gilly, 2001). They are trying to combine shopping with enjoyable experiences, playful sites and uniqueness (Sorce et al., 2005). Consequently, the hedonists when they get satisfied are increasing their visits and purchases to their favorite online apparel stores (Wolfinbarger Gilly, 2001). Main differences between hedonic (experiential) and utilitarian (goal oriented) consumers behaviors. Their differences in personality, motivation and key aspect leads to a different interaction with the online apparel stores. The goal-oriented customers are guided from instrumental factors which may include the ease of access, the available information and the variety of selection. While the goal oriented consumers seek for control the experiential consumers seeking for fun and surprising web stores (Wolfinbarger Gilly, 2001; Sanchez-Franco Roldan, 2005). A summarization follows in Table 2.1 Compulsive shopping According to Wolfinbarger and Gilly (2001) more than 72% of the shoppers are goal oriented and followed some sort of plan on their recent purchases, and 28% of the shoppers are experiential and decided a purchase while they were browsing. Moreover, research has shown that even if the goal oriented customers represent the majority, the experiential consumers and their browsing attitude are welcome, because of their close connection with high impulse purchases and frequency (Wolfinbarger Gilly, 2001). Innovativeness Innovation described as the degree to which an individual . is relatively earlier in adopting new ideas than the other members of a system (Rogers, 1995). Several researchers referred to the different characteristics of the innovative consumers. Most of them are: higher or highest education (Leung, 1998; Pepermans et al., 1996;) mostly young consumers (Hirschman and Adcock, 1978;) income is higher than the average (Pepermans et al., Summers, 1972;) higher social activity (Robertson and Kennedy, 1968; Roggers, 1995;) risk takers (Leung, 1998; Roggers, 1995;) opinion leaders (Darden and Reynolds, 1974; Chau and Hui, 1998;) women in majority (Goldsmith et al., 1987) Researchers have tried to analyze the role of gender or/and race on innovation and clearly saw that the women are more likely to be innovative than men. The key aspect of the innovation seems is the new products to adopted by the consumers in the market (Leung, 1998; Pepermans et al., 1996). The higher acceptance of the new innovative products as the World Wide Web, may affect as well the use of the network for purchases(Citrin et al., 2000). The apparel online shoppers described mostly as innovators from other researchers (Goldsmith et al., 1995). Goldsmith and Flynn (2004) defined that online apparel purchasers could not be distinguished from non-purchasers by their demographics, but they were more innovative toward clothing and fashions than the non-purchasers. Online apparel purchasers, however, did use the Internet more and were more innovative toward using the Internet than non-purchasers were. The innovative online consumers more likely will purchase apparel online instead of the non-purchasers which are less innovative. Theoretical Framework Rogers (1995) proposed a five-stages process for the innovation to be adopted by an individual. The first one is the knowledge stage, a stage on which an individual tries upon previous experience to understand an innovation and its characteristics. The knowledge derives from the social environment, understanding of problems and general innovativeness. The Persuasion stage which is the second one, represents the development of every positive and negative attitude upon innovation as a result of the knowledge stage. The perceived elements (Rogers, 1995) which are going to influence the adoption of an innovation are: The relative advantage in other words the consumers will assume the advantageous role of the innovation and the adoption will be faster. The compatibility aspect if the consumers recognize in the innovation compatibility with their lifestyle, there is a greater possibility to adopt the innovation. The complexity issue the consumers will examine the innovation and if they think that is easy to use, maybe will adopt earlier the innovation. The trial ability a trial of the innovation will make it easier for the consumers to adopt it. The observation ability the chance of observing the results of each innovation may speed up the adopt timeframe. Another researcher examined the five elements and discovered that the relative advantage, compatibility aspect, the trial ability and the observation ability are positively connected to adoption of every innovation and complexity issue is negatively connected to the adoption of an innovation. In the decision stage which is the third one, the consumer decides to adopt or to reject the innovation according to his/her attitude created during the persuasion stage (Rogers, 1995). The behavioral change will be visible during the fourth stage, the implementation stage. During that stage the consumer will act on his decision of the approval or the rejection of an innovation. Even at this stage the consumer holds a level of uncertainty about the scope of the innovation and will keep collecting information about the innovation. During the last stage according to Rogers (1995), the confirmation stage, the consumer will re-examine the innovation and will reach to a new decision whether or not he will continue to adopt the innovation. Purchasers Browsers and Searchers Internet users have different aspects when they go online. Some users are online because of their intention to buy apparel online (purchasers), but the browsers may not interested to buy online. A search for extra information on the websites is what made them to go online in some of the cases. The searcher is a goal oriented consumer who is online to search for information in a productive way in order to fulfill his goals (Ha Stoel, 2004). A task oriented behavior, more as pre-purchase deliberation and an intention to conclude a purchase next to the gathering of information online are the characteristics of the searcher. Schlosser (2004), defines the consumer known as a browser, an experiential shopper who seeks more and more for an entertaining experience. If the websites are able to fulfill the aspects of the searchers and browsers may transform them to purchasers. Ha Stoel(2004), assumes that all three kind of potential shoppers (purchasers, browsers and searchers) may show different online shopping attitude on a specific site and may consider the advantages of the online apparel shopping in a different way because of their goals. The browsers and not the searchers according to schlosser (2004), affected more from vivid images. Consumers Attitudes Darwin (1872) mentioned the attitudes as a physical action of a thought. Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) through their work Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior : An introduction to Theory and Research focused on the prediction of the human behavior through their theory of the reasoned actions. Ajzen (1987) developed the theory of the reasoned actions to the theory of planned behavior. The model suggested by Fishbein still is the most popular among researchers but among psychologists is Fazios (1986) attitude accessibility model. Fishbeins Multi-attribute Model Fishbeins claims that the consumers form attributes towards objects on the basis of their beliefs (perceptions and knowledge) about these objects. Since a consumer may hold different beliefs about an object it may be difficult to get the overall perception of a product such as the McDonalds if they are good or bad for the consumers (Perner, 2006). Within this framework a persons attitude toward an object is a function of his beliefs about an object and the implicit evaluative responses associated with those beliefs (Karjaluoto, 2006). Beliefs are acquired by the processing information, which are obtained from direct experiences with objects and from interaction with other sources. Moreover, if there is a need to understand consumers attitudes adequately, a determination of the beliefs that form the basis of these attitudes is necessary (Fishbein and Steiner, 1965). The model focus in three attributes of the attitude: The salient beliefs people hold about an attitude object, e.g. those beliefs which are the first to come in mind; Object-attribute linkages, or the probability, that a particular object has an important attribute. Evaluation of each one of the important attributes. Upon any case, the model created on assumptions that may prove wrong on everyday practice. At first assumes that exists the ability to specify adequately all the relevant attributes. This model also assumes that he/she will go through the process (formally or informally) of identifying a set of relevant attributes, evaluating them and measuring the overall outcome. Without any attempt of questioning this model, which is clearly a high-involvement subject, it is still possible that the consumers attitude will be formed by an overall affective response (Solomon et al., 1992). Since any kind of object, such as a product or a brand, has numerous attributes (size, features, shape etc), an individual will collect information and develop beliefs quite different according to the provided individual attributes. Positive or negative feelings are also formed on the basis of the beliefs held about the attributes. Thus, the persons overall attitude toward an object is derived from the beliefs and feelings created by the various attributes of the model and that is why the model is referred as a Multi attribute model or as the Fishbeins attitude model (Newman and Foxall, 2003). The Multi attribute model tries to summarize the overall attitudes by using the following equation (Hawkins et al., 1998): Where: Ao = the persons overall attitude toward the object-Characteristics of the attitude object (e.g. Reputation of a College) bi = the strength of his belief that the object is related to this attribute (e.g. the strength of belief that Wrangler Jeans are durable, or the belief that on line shopping is a convenient way to shop) ei = the evaluation or intensity of feelings (liking or disliking) toward attribute-the priority consumers place on an object. Some A (attitudes) will be more important than others. i.e. (Library resources, social environmentpriorities). n = the number of relevant beliefs for that person ( Loudon and Bitta, 1994) According to the above mentioned formula the weight of importance of a belief towards an object (bi) is multiplied with the evaluation i.e. of` the product. For example, a consumer believes that the taste of a refreshment is moderately important or a 4 in a scale of importance from 1 to 7.He/she also believes that drinking coffee feels very good, or 6 on a scale from 1 to 7.Thus the product overall grade here is 4*6 =24.The customer also believes that the potential of a drink to stain is extremely important (7), and coffee fares moderately badly at -4 on this attribute (since this is a negative belief, for this purpose we are taking numbers from -1 to -7 with -7 being worst). The total score for this belief is 7*(-4) =-28.If we hold these two beliefs the aggregated attitude would have been 24+(-28)=-4.In real life, it is obvious that consumers tend to have many more beliefs and their summary will provide an accurate measurement (Perner, 2006). Based on this multi-attribute model, marketers may consider four strategies when attempting to affect behavior: Change the value placed on a particular product attributes (a change in an ei component) Change beliefs (a change in a b1 component) Change the attitude toward the brand (A change in Ao) Change behavioral intentions (a change in BI) or behavior change in B (Assael, 1992) The Fishbeins attitude-towards object model has been relatively successful in predicting, behavioral intentions arising by various cognitive variables to which they refer (Birtwistle and Shearer, 2001; Doyle and Fenwick, 1974; Fishbein, 1967; Bass and Talarzyk, 1972). For example, excessive usage of the model to measure different advertisements or store brands. The tangible attributes and the utility versus the intangible ,symbolic attributes. However, this approach has not always been useful results for the retail management, as the knowledge of a customers attitude about a brand is not always a safe predictor of their actual behavior (Wicker, 1967). Furthermore, the model allows marketers to focus on the important issues of their consumers. Examines the effectiveness of their brand in providing the necessary attributes, and how marketers stack up against their competitors (Karjaluoto, 2006). By all means a negative response of the consumers to one feature of a brand does not necessarily eliminates the consumers connection with the specific brand. According to Wilkie and Pessemier (1973) the most important aspect of the multi-attribute model is: The advantage of multi-attribute models is in gaining understanding of attitudinal structure. Diagnosis of brand strengths and weaknesses on relevant product attributes can then be used to suggest specific changes in a brand and its marketing support. The retailers tried to take advantage of the Multi attribute model in a way to predict the behavior of their consumers. Although, the use of the model was inappropriate and in some of the cases unacceptable. As a result, the forecast of the consumers behavior was not accurate (Sheppard, 1988): The model was developed to deal with the actual behavior (e.g. taking an aspirin), not with the outcomes of behavior (e.g. allergy), which is assessed in some studies (Solomon et al., 2002) Consumption situations may vary and this is going to influence the strength of the attitude behavior relationship (Bearden and Woodside, 1976). In fact, evidence suggests that consumers attitudes toward brands can actually vary depending on the situation (Miller and Ginter, 1979). Time usually elapses while consumers forming attitudes and when they are ready to act on these. During that time, many variables expected and unexpected may intervene to affect behavior. For example, an unexpected need for a new family car could quickly postpone, or cancel, plans to purchase a new motorcycle (Loudon and Bitta, 1994). The consumers attitudes toward some types of behavior are influenced by his evaluation of the perceived consequences (positive or negative) of taking such action. Therefore, these attitudes are more relevant for predicting consumers attitudes toward the objects themselves (Loudon and Bitta, 1994). Consumers are often influenced by their perceptions of what others will think of their actions. Thus, even though a consumer may have a favorable attitude toward making a purchase, he may refrain from doing so because of his perception that other people, who are very important to him (such as his/her friends) might not approve his action. This influence noted as subjective norm (Loudon and Bitta, 1994). New models able to adjust to the formed complexity introduced and the above-mentioned factors were used as a guide. As a result, Fishbein introduced the Behavioral Intentions model (Loudon and Bitta, 1994) in an attempt to escape from the traditional attitude toward object model to a more attitudes towards behavior model (Thoradeniya, 2006). Fishbeins Behavioral Intentions Model This revised model presented by Fishbein and contributed by Ajzen (1975), was designed to include the persons evaluation about performing certain behaviour. Their attitude toward the behaviour and additionally the social pressure experienced when performing the behaviour, like the subjective norm (Stephen, 2002). The theory of reasoned action is different from the traditional attitude theories in a manner of introducing normative influences to the overall model and a causal relationship between the two antecedents and intention (Ha, 1998). Subjective norms are determined by the consumers beliefs about the actions of the others regarding his intended behaviour and his motivations to comply with their standards of behaviour (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1980). The subjective norms reflect as well the individuals sense to behave in an acceptable manner (Teo and Loosemore, 2001). Normative beliefs in general involve specific individuals or groups rather than generalised important others(Fishbein and Ajzen, 1980). In addition, the persons behaviour is a function of his/her intention to behave in a certain manner (Loudon and Bitta, 1994). For example, a womans attitude towards birth control pills maybe favourable, but the pressure exerted by family and friends could represent the subjective norm, which may result in a negative attitude towards using them (Johnson and Fishbein, 2003). Fishbeins expressed relationships in equation form as: As the model indicates, in order to predict the consumers behavior, the researcher must determine the consumers attitude toward the specific behavior in question (AB) and his subjective norm (SN). Each of these will be weighted by w1 and w2 respectively (which add up to 1.0) to reflect their relative importance in influencing the behavioural intentions (Loudon and Bitta, 1994). The consumers attitudes toward performing a specific behaviour has the same structure as in the Fishbeins Multiattribute model. The important change here is that beliefs and evaluations concern certain actions, and the consequences of these actions, affect the attributes of the object (Ha, 1998). These beliefs are called behavioural beliefs. An individual will attempt to perform certain behaviour because of his evaluation upon beliefs. Attitudes are determined by the individuals beliefs about the consequences of performing according to a specific behaviour (behavioural beliefs) and his concerns about the above mentioned consequences (outcome evaluations).Those attitudes have a direct effect on behavioural intention and are linked with subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (Brown, 1999). A number of issues and limitations of the Fishbein Behavioural Intentions model need further examination, since the potential number of factors affecting attitude are infinitive. Other researchers are involved with the thoughts of the consumers before their decision upon action. We are not able to apply these theories in the organisational buyer behaviour because of the complexity of the influencing factors which affect this kind of behaviour (Thompson and Panayiotopoulos, 1999). Moreover, there is a significant risk between attitudes and subjective norms since attitudes can often be reframed as norms and vice versa. In practice the consumer suffer from several constraints such us limited ability, time, environmental or organisational limits and unconscious habits. It is also very important to note, that although the theory assumes that behaviours are influenced only by intentions, other authors suggest that attitudes and past attitudes have a direct influence on future behaviour(Bargh, 1997). According to the above-mentioned frame the current behavior may be habitual and triggered by environmental stimuli and may be elicited unintentionally when an evaluative representation is present (Bargh, 1997). However, the implications of this model are extremely important for the marketers, while there is a specific need for understanding the factors which affect the consumers intentins. Past research strengths the ability to identify the most important attributes, which forced the consumers to form negative or positive attitudes towards a purchase of a product (Ha, 1998). It is also a valuable tool to proceed with the identification of the sources of the social environment and their possible role in intention. (Ha, 1998). These attitudinal and subjective-norm components are helpful to marketers to analyse and understand/predict the consumers behaviour. Moreover, they are useful because of their suggestions to alternative marketing strategies for the evaluation and change of the consumers attitudes and intentions to act (Loudon and Bitta, 1994). Online Apparel Shopping Intention The representation Paisley of Paisley what Paisley we Paisley think Paisley we Paisley will Paisley buy Paisley (Blackwell Paisley et Paisley al., Paisley 2001, Paisley p. Paisley 283) describes the online appare

Easy And Difficult Works In Ed :: essays research papers

According to the article "When Does Education Stop?" it stated that a young man interviewed the author, James Michener, and bellyaching about writing a three thousand words paper which is about James’ book. Because the young man sounded whimpering, James started to talk about his own experience of writing millions words paper. He mentioned that young people should realize that they have to put many efforts in order to achieve their goals. Also, men and women should know that they would face the difficult tasks before they success. Besides, no college can educate people with all they want, and all they need in the future. Although people study literature, logic or history probably have a fewer job opportunities, these fields actually have more wide job opportunities in the future. In addition, the schools are not a relax place. In stead of it, these schools are the places to train people. Therefore, if professors do not give many works for students to study, they s hould quit those professors or schools and seek others who have harsh teaching rules. The changes of the social structure caused people tend to learn the high technology instead of studying arts or literature. Some scholars think that people don’t know how to write a good paper, or a nice article because people think it’s too tedious that takes a lot of time to write, to research, and to edit. People love to look for material satisfaction, or participate with things which they are interested in. Therefore, they probably don’t want to spend much time to devote in studying. In my opinion, either having a lot of works or less works has it’s own advantages and disadvantages which depends on person’s own interests. People usually get different kind of benefits from various things, and it’s hard to determine which is better or not. According to the author, people avoid doing difficult tasks; instead, they just complain about those works. The hard works can develop people’s own knowledge, and that can train their brains to think deeper. People will have better abilities to face the future problems. The more experience people have in college, the better performances they can achieve in the society; for example, the biology students have to do a lot of lab works before they become a medical student even a doctor. If they don’t make any experiment before they become doctors, they probably will make many mistakes during the operation.

Analysis of Dynacorp Case Essay

The strategic design lens assumes organizations are deliberate, goal-achieving entities. In this view, managers can achieve organizational goals by understanding the fundamentals of design and fitting design to strategy, as well as to the larger organizational environment. In this paper, I discuss the five major elements of strategy – environmental fit, strategic intent, strategic grouping, strategic linking, and alignment – and identify two specific elements as causes of the problems Dynacorp is experiencing with its redesign. These elements are strategic linking and alignment. Fit with the Environment In the 1980s, Dynacorp was an excellent fit with the environment; it produced high-quality, innovation products. As result, its customers were happy to wait months or even a year for the company to bring out a new product and to â€Å"do some of their own applications work and figure out how to integrate Dynacorp’s products with the rest of their operations†. In the 1990s, however, the company lost the technological advantage it had maintained over the competition. According to Carl Greystone, executive vice president of the U. S. Cus-tomer Operations Group, â€Å"Both foreign and domestic competitors have been cutting into our market share, and our gross margins are way down,†. Indeed, Dynacorp was finding that many of its customers needed more than hardware, but want-ed ‘complete solutions’ to problems. Customers were â€Å"looking for systems solutions, more cus-tomized software, and more value-added services†. Dynacorp’s senior managers recognized that the firm’s existing functional structure was seriously inhibiting the organization from creating effective cross-functional responses to its external environment. Strategic Intent Dynacorp’s senior management thus moved to redefine the firm’s strategic intent, a no-tion that Ancona et al. define as â€Å"setting the strategy or mandate of the organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Instead of continuing to think of itself as a company merely selling hardware, the firm reorganized with the intention of providing customers with the integrated solutions they were demanding, and, where necessary, to do all this on a global basis. Strategic Grouping To implement its strategic intent, Dynacorp executives first had to make decisions about how to regroup tasks and functions. According to Ancona et al. , strategic grouping is a process of deciding â€Å"how the necessary activities are to be allocated into jobs, department, divisions, and other units, and how people are assigned to each†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The textbook describes five possible methods by which grouping of functions can be organized: activity; output; user, customer, or geography; matrix; and business process. At Dynacorp, the decision was made to move away from grouping by activity. Instead, the development, manufacturing, and marketing functions were grouped together into an output-oriented set of â€Å"‘end-to-end’ business units† in which all the functions would be ex-pected to contribute to the success of a product or a family of products or services. Within the sales area, executives decided to group by geography (U. S. , Europe, Latin America/Asia, with each of these areas further subdivided into regions) rather than to create multiple sales forces for each business unit. â€Å"Since products overlapped,† the interviewer was told, â€Å"the purchasers of different products were frequently the same people, and the cost inherent in replicating the field structure several times was prohibitive,†. Within each sales region, management created account teams with each team focusing on customers within market segments and industries. Greystone asserts that such a restructuring will result in industry specialists, rather than salespersons who were only knowledgeable about particular products. Greystone seemed optimistic: â€Å"You see, we feel that by targeting our investments toward growth of sales in specific industries and developing solutions to fit their needs, we’ll rebuild our market share and increase margins,† Strategic Linking Ancona et al. describe strategic linking as both formal and informal processes and posi-tions that would integrate units and subunits which are interdependent in tasks. The text identifies a wide array of linking mechanisms, including formal reporting structures, liaison roles, permanent or temporary cross-unit groups, integrator roles, information technology systems, and planning processes. Strategic linking at Dynacorp was to be accomplished, in the first instance, by linking development, manufacturing, and marketing within each Business Unit through a change in the formal reporting structure. Carl Greystone expressed his conviction that a â€Å"tremendous amount of progress† has been made since these changes were instituted and that his personnel are â€Å"thinking about the business in new terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Even Greystone, however, was forced to admit that his group had been â€Å"consistently behind plan in both revenue and profit† for the past year and a half and that the â€Å"Business Unit presidents have expressed some frustration with the performance of his group. †Martha Pauley, a Branch Manager in Greystone’s division who supervised six teams that â€Å"handle financial institutions, insurance, and education in the Northeast Region,† was considerably quite disillusioned about the absence of effective cross-functional relations between sales and the Business Units. Specifically, Pauley was finding it difficult to compete because of business decisions in which she had been given no role. She had several complaints: â€Å"Our prices are still higher than our competitors’, and technical support services are way too slow. The new plant in Indonesia was supposed to help bring prices down, but they’re having problems getting the factory up and running. Since I have no control over unit manufacturing costs or the availability of technical support resources, I can’t help the team’s effectiveness in these areas†. A second way in which strategic linking was to be accomplished was to establish multi-function Account Teams focused on â€Å"selling customized solutions based on integrating our products, rather than on selling fancy hardware. †These permanent cross-unit groups were comprised of â€Å"account managers, product specialists, solution consultants, service technicians, customer administration specialists, and systems specialists. † Describing the actual functioning of these new teams to the interviewer, Martha Pauley confessed that â€Å"everyone has been so busy trying to understand their new responsibilities while still keeping up with our customers that we have communicated only through e-mail messages. We haven’t had time for the off site meeting that I had planned. Anyway, we’re still getting modifications on the job guidelines from the staff group. † The time pressures reported by Pauley were evident when she takes the interviewer into a meeting of one account team; there, they found â€Å"about half† of the members missing because of other obligations. As the meeting progressed, it also became apparent that this account team was struggling to meet its goals. The team had just been outbid for a contract with a Boston bank because its competitor had been able to offer â€Å"lower prices and a much more comprehensive package† . With regard to planning as a means of strategic linking, there too Pauley’s teams were struggling. Pauley admitted to the interviewer that she â€Å"hadn’t had a chance to develop a cohe-sive sales plan to show you†. Alignment The last of the strategic design processes is alignment: â€Å"that is, assessing the implica-tions of strategic grouping and linking patterns for the rest of the organization’s structures and processes, and making changes to ensure that the grouping and linking patterns can be implemented effectively†. suggest that each of the following be considered as elements of alignment: organizational performance measurement systems, individual rewards and incentives, resource allocation, human resource development, and informal systems and processes. One obvious alignment problem in this case concerns individual rewards and incen-tives. Ben Walker, VP of the Northeast Region, notes that the new reward system compensates branch managers in sales and product managers in the Business Units on â€Å"performance against revenue and margin goals,† but Walker worries that â€Å"no one in these jobs has the skills to be a team player. † Soon thereafter, Martha Pauley complained to the interviewer about precisely this problem. Although she shared revenue goals for her teams with the product team’s general managers in the Business Units, her own performance was being hampered by the fact that â€Å"different product team leaders in the Business Units are pushing different types of sales, depending on their particular product lines. † Something similar was happening to Pauley’s Account Teams, whose sales performance depended, in part, on their ability to get adequate Technical Support to their clients, yet they had no control over this support unit. Dynacorp’s turnaround also was being hurt by the company’s failure to give appropriate support to human resources development. Ben Walker is convinced that the company has â€Å"too many people who know how to sell products but not solutions† and projects that â€Å"at least 25 percent of the current staff needs to be replaced. † Right now we have the customer teams functioning under new guidelines that force them to collect information on customer needs and develop solutions. But too many team members are still operating under the old attitude that the equipment sells itself and the customers will do the work of integrating our products into their operations. The notion of helping the customer from initial call through implementation and use of the system is still quite alien to many of our people. The fact that Sales Team Member 2 soon was seen expressing a desire for more customers who want â€Å"standard off-the-shelf equipment† suggests that Walker’s concerns have merit. And Martha Pauley, to her credit, does not hide the fact that her teams lack training. â€Å"You see,† Pauley says, â€Å"moving from a product salesperson to a provider of solutions in a big change. It involves knowledge of the industry and the company, the full line of products, our various software applications, and concepts of systems integration. Exactly who handles all the pieces of a sale like this is still unclear†. Finally, there is some evidence of dissatisfaction with Dynacorp’s resource allocation practices, given the perceived high cost of manufacturing and the problems with Technical Support. As we have seen, at least one account team is having difficulty competing on price; and Martha Pauley complains that Dynacorp’s prices â€Å"are still higher than our competitors’, and technical support services are way too slow†.   Dynacorp appears to have done a good job of analyzing its fit with the environment and crafting a strategy that is likely to be responsive to that environment. The strategic groupings are well-suited to the strategic intent, positioning Dynacorp to be a geographically-focused, industry-specific organization that is organized to bring cross-functional talent to bear on the service as well as hardware needs of its customers. Dynacorp fails, however, to give adequate attention to strategic linking processes. There is evidence of a lack of planning, particularly as it involves product and branch managers and their staffs, apparently resulting in a lack of widespread commitment at all levels of the organization to the new mission. There also are problems of coordination between branch managers in sales and the Business Units and between the Account Teams and the Technology Specialists. Finally, the new cross-functional sales teams have had little opportunity to work out their methods of operation. Dynacorp also fails to give adequate attention to alignment. Individual reward systems and incentives work at cross-purposes with unit goals, and manufacturing costs are too high for sales teams to compete effectively. Finally, there is almost a complete absence of training—both for product and branch managers and for the various functional specialists who are now expected to work as members of teams. The senior managers at Dynacorp have made impressive efforts to respond to their highly competitive environment. However, unless careful attention is given to the strategic linking and alignment processes, this organizational redesign effort is destined to fail.

Currently At A Population Architecture Essay

Presently at a population of 6.8 billion people, and increasing by a million and a half people every hebdomad, things are get downing to look really crowded for the hereafter. It is estimated that by 2050 we will be at 9.2 billion people. We must get down life in a different manner – its no longer a inquiry of keeping our criterion of life, but of lasting on a planet that is losing its basic ecological substructure. We use our formidable engineering to consistently foul our air, our H2O, our dirt, and our nutrient concatenation. We are besides sing the effects of planetary warming – heat moving ridges, drouths, deceasing coral reefs, runing glaciers, lifting sea degrees, unstable conditions forms, rapid spread of diseases, and accelerated species extinction. With our insatiate demand for nutrient, fuel, edifice stuffs, and useless debris, unreplaceable natural resources are consuming. In an attempt to last, people are merely pass overing out everything else, destructing the ecological substructure that gave us the comfy life conditions in the first topographic point. The exponential addition in birth rate depletes natural resources faster than they can be replaced, take downing the criterion of life and making economic force per unit areas both here in the UK and throughout the remainder of the universe. We are losing our life support, our place.The Solution To The ProblemWe urgently need a solution to the universe ‘s overpopulation job, our continued endurance requires a healthy and working planetary ecosystem, on in which worlds live in harmoniousness with all other signifiers of life. We must educate ourselves, acknowledging the job and work together towards a solution. The planetary overpopulation job needs to be resolved, or n ature will decide it for us in a mode that we would non inquire for. It is clip to populate in an wholly new manner – we must encompass alteration.The CityPeoples need to work together for a solution covering with metropoliss and the inflow of people wanting for a higher quality of life. Natural resources that are readily available must be managed better for our journey towards a greener hereafter, and metropoliss that accommodate everything. The addition and trust on engineering is making concentrated urban Centre ‘s that are happening it harder and harder to get by with the mass inflow of people. We must inquire ourselves whether metropolis ‘s can maintain turning and turning to suit the life we are used to populating in this modern universe. The metropolis now is a life being, a topographic point that contains everything and that is of all time turning. Significant progresss in public wellness and medical specialty, phenomenal agricultural outputs and the spread outing planetary economic system contribute to the population detonation as the lifespan norm continues to increase from this, many live in metropolis ‘s for better chances, increasing traveling multitudes from one topographic point to another.In 1900 merely 1 in 10 people lived in metropolissBy 1994 the figure had grown to 1 in 2 people, making megalopolis of 1000000s to 10s of 1000000s dwellers, all utilizing up waste and resourcesNow there are more than 400 metropoliss that have a population of more than a million peopleIt is further predicted that 2/3rds will populate in metropoliss by 2050Pull offing such big metropoliss, and better direction of the planet ‘s resources, could go the most hard job of this century. As the universe ‘s population grows it becomes more hard for the planet to back up all its dwellers.ResourceAs the resources diminish, what w ill be done?Changing MindsOld ages ago no 1 gave much thought to how much of the Earth ‘s resources had gone into doing the points in the first topographic point and whether those resources would finally run out. What happened to rubbish after it went into the family bin and was collected by the bin lorry was of no concern to consumers. Green life is non merely about seeking to devour fewer of the Earth ‘s cherished resources and populating sustainably. It is about sing the greenest option in everything you consume, whether you are purchasing nutrient, apparels, cleaning stuffs, or cosmetics. You are responsible for the energy and resources used in the devising of everything you buy. If you keep utilizing an point you already have, you are non responsible for the harm caused by the industry of a new 1. However, if you throw your old one off, you fill up landfill sites and are responsible for any toxic chemicals in it leaking into and polluting the land around the site every bit good as detrimental gases given off during the clip it takes for the point to decompose off.WasteWaste from metropolissCities now have everything we need within them, comfortss and services that are unfastened 24/7. Our coevals now is anticipant on ‘ holding things now ‘ , nutrient, vesture etc, but with our addition in hold ing everything we have started excessively gain that the hereafter may be really different. Waste is being produced in much higher measures, how will the metropolis header, how will it be used to a far more consequence beginning. With the addition in population these jobs must be addressed and dealt with.Who will cover with this waste?Where will it travel or be decomposed?Can we change over it into something more utile?Presently in the UK we produce a monolithic sum of family waste that is sent straight to landfill. New solutions such as separation waste techniques and disposal Centres allow people from place to make their spot. Home – waste – sum of waste produced?The UK produces 28 million metric tons of family waste each twelvemonthIn merely one hr we create adequate to make full the Albert Hall to overruningThe unreleased energy contained in the mean ashcan each twelvemonth could power a telecasting for 5,000 hoursAgricultural and industrial waste, solids from sewerage intervention workss, ashes and refuse are all causes of land pollution and add to the turning concern. The accretion of inorganic wastes in dirt airss a menace to the works and carnal life. Garbage is heedlessly dumped into the dirt. Non-biodegradable wastes such as plastic and rubber turn out deadly to the life in the dirt. Plastic and glass bottles, tins, gum elastic tyres and electronic points dumped in the dirt make up the chief cause of land pollution. How rubbish will increase by 2050 We are bring forthing increasing sums of waste each twelvemonth, which means we are utilizing natural resources at a faster rate than of all time and seting more strain on the environment ‘s capacity to cover with our waste merchandises. While a bulk of this trash is disposed at landfill sites. â€Å" We need to halt thought of rubbish as a job to be buried in landfill and get down thought of it as a resource to be used â€Å" â€Å" Populating within the bounds of the Earth ‘s natural systems will intend utilizing less and being more efficient â€Å" Pull offing Waste, the deductions of this urgency for waste direction are that we must take advantage of attacks that ca be quickly implemented e.g. bar, recycling, composting, stabilisation prior to landfill. We have to do large alterations, including the authorities concentrating policies and inducements on the best attacks, non merely those that are somewhat better than what were making at the minute.RecyclingRecycling – waste stuff Every twenty-four hours ‘waste ‘ stuff is thrown off when really it is a valuable resource. Paper, metal, glass, green waste, plastics and fabrics can all be recycled into new merchandises. Recycling reduces waste traveling to landfill and besides reduces the demand for natural stuffs, saves energy in the production procedure and reduces emanations to air and H2O in the production procedure. Increasing sums of waste are being recycled across the UK – packaging waste recycling increased from 28 % in 1998 to 55 % by the terminal of 2005 ; 51 % of building and destruction waste is recycled or re-used and 45 % of commercial and industrial waste is recycled. The authorities estimates that recycling of family waste in England has now increased to over 33 % in 2007, more than quadrupling over 10 old ages. The waste direction industry is working to supply new installations to handle and recycle waste to make these marks. The industry is working peculiarly closely with local governments to increase family waste recycling and composting rates. Recycling and recycling By recycling more of the waste, we can:Save landfill – cut downing the demand to happen new sitesSave energy – cut downing global-warming gases and pollutionSave natural stuffs – cut downing pollution and spoil tonssSave H2O – reduction deficits and taintFactsUK families produced 30.5 million metric tons of waste in 2008/09, of which 17 % was collected for recycling1 recycled Sn can would salvage adequate energy to power a telecasting for 3 hours1 recycled glass bottle would salvage adequate energy to power a computing machine for 25 proceedingss1 recycled plastic bottle would salvage adequate energy to power a 60-watt visible radiation bulb for 3 hoursPull offing Waste How much waste? Uk packaging waste recycling increased from 28 % in1998 to 55 % by the terminal of 2008Presently about 43 % of all UK waste and about 64 % of the UK ‘s municipal waste is sent to landfill. Landfills play an indispensable function in the safe disposal of certain wastes, but most wastes could alternatively be recycled, composted or used to bring forth energy.2/3 of the salvors live in ill constructed places made from clay, plastic bags and boxes. Some sheets of corrugated Fe are donated and funded by the authorities, most have no furniture and bedclothes is besides collected from the site in the signifier of old apparels and covers3RD WORLDDifferent people populating around the universe Across the Earth waste is seen in different visible radiation, while the more developed universe consumes and wastes far more, the 3rd universe maximises and utilizes all that they waste and use. And as people move towards a better manner of populating the remainder of the universe chiefly 3rd universe live in poorness and lack the basic human necessities to last. Case surveies Garbage Dreams Garbage Dreams follows three teenage boys born into the rubbish trade and turning up in the universe ‘s largest refuse small town, on the outskirts of Cairo. It is home to 60,000 Zaballeen, which means Arabic – â€Å" refuse people. † When their community is all of a sudden faced with the globalisation of its trade, each of the teenage male child is forced to do picks that will impact his hereafter and the endurance of his community. The Zaballeen have created the universe ‘s most effectual resource recovery system, recycling 80 % of everything they collect. They are really salvaging our Earth. From out of the rubbish, they lifted themselves out of poorness and have a solution to the universe ‘s most urgent crisis. Leaderships are besides trusting that their run for beginning separation – in which occupants sort organic from non-organic waste before it reaches trash aggregators – will derive authorities support and take root among Cairo ‘s 20-million citizens. With the transnational companies authorities contracts set to run out in 2015, the Zabaleen are concentrating on overhauling their trade so they can repossess a topographic point for themselves in the system. While the current economic mentality is black, there is turning international involvement in the Zabaleen ‘s hardworking and advanced recycling patterns. Leaderships besides note that the Egyptian authorities is eventually admiting the Zabaleen as a valuable and skilled resource. As for the Gates grant, which has yet to be confirmed, the money will apparently be used to back up the Source Separation run, train workers and overhaul recycling installations. Peoples that live on landfill – Zabelleens Where do they populate? 2/3 of the salvors live in ill constructed places made from clay, plastic bags and boxes. Some sheets of corrugated Fe a roof is provided by the authorities. Most have no furniture and bedclothes is besides collected from the site in the signifier of old apparels or covers. Those who live in the caves around the country screen themselves with plastic bearer bags when it rains. The caves become unsafe and sometimes walls prostration. Why they live on site A study was done in 2005 to inquire people why they live on the site. The findings were that:Many were unemployed and could n't afford the basic human demands of nutrient, H2O, shelter and apparelsSome had been born there and it was the lone place they knewSome were orphans and had no household to assist them and had no manner out of the landfillWidows ended up at that place when the money earner of the household diedDifferent tribal groups became refugees in there ain statesSome were thrown out of the slums they had lived in when Governments tried to unclutter the countries upWhat do they roll up and what is done with it? The salvors themselves use some of the stuffs collected, such as the nutrient dumped by hotels in Cairo and fabric, which is used for vesture and bedclothes. The remainder of the stuffs are sold to jobbers who in bend sell to recyclers. These include castanetss, plastics and bit metal. How earn life through recycling There are so many people populating on the garbage dump now that the salvors are holding to look for alternate beginnings of income. These include:Working on local farms – Subsistence agriculture ( turning harvests to eat themselves ) entirely the roads and trim land around the garbage dumpMaking wash for peopleWeaving baskets and mats utilizing scavenged polyethyleneSelling H2OMajor issues – deficiency offThe salvors have hapless entree to H2O and sanitationThere are no lavatories, no bathrooms and no clean H2O to imbibeThey have to purchase H2O from sellers to imbibeSome of the salvors collect rainwaterHealth and bad life conditionsA new survey by the New York State Department of Health studies that adult females populating near solid waste landfills where gas is get awaying hold a quadruple increased opportunity of vesica malignant neoplastic disease or leukaemia. The new survey examined the happening of seven sorts of malignant neoplastic disease among work forces a nd adult females populating near 38 landfills where of course happening landfill gas is thought to be get awaying into the environing air. The wellness of these people is hapless. Malaria is common due to the pools of dead H2O, which allows mosquitoes to engender. Diarrhoea. Pneumonia and skin infections are common. Scavengers can non afford to see a physician. They have developed other ways of get bying with their unwellnesss, such as utilizing herbal redresss, purchasing inexpensive drugs across the counter or borrowing money from friends.Vision FOR THE FUTUREMy thought is to better efficiency through a mobile shelter By making a device that maximise the end product of landfills and the usage they have to utilize we can explicate a solution for the hereafter.My design – NewDealDesignA various safety for rubbish victimsAdjusting to this alteration by utilizingEveryone holding the chance for a better lifeThis is what people still needLife after – better lifeEnergy solutions algae Biodiesel from algae is here!Oil has been one of the most efficient and effectual fuel beginnings for decennaries. But due to the unrenewable nature of oil and the pollution ensuing from C emanations, scientists have raced to happen a new fuel beginning. Hydrogen, biodiesel, solar, electricity and even H2O have been considered as possible fuel beginnings. Now, one of the newest renewable energy beginning aspirant is algae biofuel. Algae gather energy from the Sun through the procedure of photosynthesis. A by-product of this procedure is oil, which can be utilized to make biofuel. The algae itself can be transformed into ethyl alcohol through the procedure of agitation. During photosynthesis, algae and other photosynthetic beings gaining control C dioxide and sunshine and change over it into O and biomass. Up to 99 % of the C dioxide in solution can be converted, in large-scale open-pond systems. The production of biofuels from algae does non cut down atmospheric C dioxide ( CO2 ) , because any CO2 taken out of the ambiance by the algae is returned when the biofuels are burned. They do nevertheless extinguish the debut of new CO2 by displacing fossil hydrocarbon fuels. Algae is an improbably big and diverse species. Algae can be found in most organic structures of H2O including lakes, watercourses, ice, snow, and the ocean. This works reproduces quickly and would be really hard to over-farm. Algae can bring forth 15-300 times more oil per acre than conventional harvests, such as rapeseed, thenars or soya beans. As Algae has a harvesting rhythm of 1-10 yearss, it permits several crops in a really short clip frame, a differing scheme to annually harvests. Algae can besides be grown on land that is non suited for other established harvests, for case, waterless land, land with overly saline dirt, and drought-stricken land. This minimizes the issue of taking away pieces of land from the cultivation of nutrient harvests. Algae can turn 20 to 30 times faster than nutrient harvests Algae fuel production does non impact fresh H2O resources, can be prduced utilizing ocean and effluent, and are biodegradable and comparatively harmless to the environment if spilled. Inputs-CO2 + Water + Nutrients + Algae Strain + Sunlight â€Å" This Algae biofuel substitutes 100 % traditional fuel, without necessitating to be assorted and can be used in assorted biofuel applications. † â€Å" Algae Oil Farming for Biodiesel Algae Biofuel uses the surpluss of C dioxide produced by industrial activities, in a manner that does non pollute, but contributes to cleaning the atmosphere. â€Å" Dystopia The frequently futuristic vision of a society in which conditions of life are suffering and characterized by poorness, subjugation, war, force, disease, pollution, ensuing in widespread sadness, agony, and other sorts of hurting.DecisionThe universe will necessitate to reapportion its energy and resources off from simply prosecuting economic growing to turn toing issues of poorness, equality, gender equality, and entree to wellness attention and instruction alternatively authorising all who wish to take part in finding their hereafter with the right to make so. Today the universe is focused on the person. In 2050, communities, relationships between people, and personal duties to the society will be the cardinal rule in the building of our metropoliss. Provision of necessary metropolis services like nutrient, H2O, waste handling, and energy will be more localised, incorporating these services into the cloth of the metropolis. Bringing these services closer will besides reconnect people with the Earth, giving people better insight into their resource usage and impacts. Waste volumes will be farther reduced through extremely efficient waste sorting, recycling, and composting. My vision of the hereafter is that the World will fall in and devour itself if solutions of re-using and recycling are non implemented. This will bring forth options that can help in quality of life every bit good as supplying the necessities that people need to last. ADD SOMETHING TO LINK QUALITY OF LIFE / SURVIVAL WITH NOMADIC So as we move into the hereafter I predict that we will go more mobile and need to travel about in a more rational manner. By making a shelter that is impermanent, lightweight and self sustainable. A shelter that has been designed for people on the move, a device that can be made readily available in different locations around the universe. It can be rapidly dismounted and constructed to house the resident as fast and efficient signifier of shelter. A self-sufficing shelter that sustains itself, utilizing energy produced by algae. Fuelled on algae bio Diesel, it can bring forth its ain electricity to power the necessities for life.My design – NewDealDesigna various safety for rubbish victims The ‘urban collapsible shelter ‘ is an geographic expedition of mass-produced, easy-to-assemble and quick-to-mobilize recycling hubs. A household of 2 objects, ‘Collector and Case ‘ and ‘HUB ‘ , represent new solutions for shelter, comfort, energy and administration. Equally good as provide varying degrees of protection for different climes and milieus, it provides a more hygienic and safe life environment for the dwellers. HUB is a construct for a portable lodging unit that would assist people in run intoing their immediate shelter demands created by deficiency of lodging and hapless life conditions. This shelter can be really rapidly transported and reassembled with merely few necessary tools and offer dwellers with single life infinite. This shelter is made from from reclaimable and reclaimable materials.The chief HUB must be erected by 6-10 people, this can be designed and manufactured on demand at variable locations. Each of the objects are compressed into space-saving packaging. Easy to fabricate and transport within a few hours. Once they arrive, they can be set up easy by the dwellers to supply instant support structurally, socially, and emotional. Many alternate lodging solutions deal with little graduated table but ca n't get by with big graduated table displaced populations. The shelter:Easily movable, collapsable and able to be shipped levelBuilt of reclaimable stuffs and have the ability to be reusedEasy to raise and piece with few or no toolsAmenable to infrastructure? can be used as a basic construction, but have the capablenesss to upgrade and implement modern comfortssStackable provide comfortss ( electricity for light, compact range and icebox ) .Adjusting to this alteration by utilizing10-Everyone holding the chance for a better life 11-Conclusion This is what people still need Future vision In 2050, our societies will exceed the narrow focal point on stuff goods and wealth coevals that we see today. They will alternatively, strive to run into the deeper demands of human existences, turn toing felicity and religious and emotional fulfilment. Indexs of success, now frequently measured in strictly fiscal footings, will alternatively look at thoughts of felicity and satisfaction. The universe will reapportion its energy and resources off from simply prosecuting economic growing to turn toing issues of poorness, equity, gender equality, and entree to wellness attention and instruction alternatively authorising all who wish to take part in finding their hereafter with the right to make so. Today the universe is focused on the person. In 2050, communities, relationships between people, and personal duties to the society will be the cardinal rule in the building of our metropoliss. Provision of necessary metropolis services like nutrient, H2O, waste handling, and energy will be more localised, incorporating these services into the cloth of the metropolis. Bringing these services closer will besides reconnect people with the Earth, giving people better insight into their resource usage and impacts. Waste volumes will be farther reduced through extremely efficient waste sorting, recycling, and composting.